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Constituencies for French residents overseas
The constituencies for French residents overseas are eleven French constituencies, each electing one representative to the National Assembly.
They were created by the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, the aim of which was to enable French citizens overseas (''Français établis hors de France'') to be represented as such, rather than vote in a constituency on French territory, as was the case previously. Their creation does not increase the overall number of seats in the Assembly, which remains stable at 577, since it is compensated for by a redrawing of boundaries which reduces the number of seats in France itself to 566. These measures were implemented for the June 2012 legislative election. (There are already Senators representing overseas citizens, since 1982, but, like all French Senators, they are elected indirectly, by the Assembly of French Citizens Abroad.)〔("Elections 2012 - Votez à l’étranger" ), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs〕〔("La représentation des Français établis hors de France" ), French Senate〕〔("Redécoupage électoral - 11 députés pour les Français de l'étranger" ), ''Le Petit Journal'', October 22, 2009〕〔("Députés de l'étranger: comment ça marche?" ), ''L'Express'', October 15, 2009〕
The creation of these constituencies created some controversy, when ''Le Monde'' estimated that they would be far more favourable to the main centre-right party, the Union for a Popular Movement, then in power, than to the main centre-left party, the Socialist Party. The newspaper pointed out that, in nine of these constituencies, a majority of voters appeared to favour the right, based on the figures from the 2007 French presidential election. The constituency of Central and Eastern Europe and that of North-West Africa were the only ones to appear left-leaning.〔("La couleur politique des nouvelles circonscriptions des Français à l'étranger" ), ''Le Monde'', September 26, 2009〕 While ''Le Monde'' provided the figures without comment, left-wing politicians such as Socialist MP Jean-Jacques Urvoas suggested that the government was attempting to provide itself with extra seats, and Communist MP Jean-Paul Lecoq suggested overseas citizens should continue to vote solely in French constituencies.〔("Redécoupage électoral - 11 députés pour les Français de l'étranger" ), ''Le Petit Journal'', October 22, 2009〕
In all, the Americas are divided into two constituencies, North and South (1 & 2); Europe into six (3 to 8), with the eighth constituency also incorporating Israel; and Africa into two (9 & 10), with the tenth constituency also incorporating the Arabian peninsula as well as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. The eleventh constituency, the largest, includes every other country in Asia, as well as the entirety of Oceania, along with Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Overseas departments and territories of France are not included, as they are ''de jure'' part of France, and already have their own electoral constituencies. In addition, North Korea, which is not diplomatically recognised by France, is not part of any constituency. The same is true of Bhutan. Kosovo, which is recognised by France, is part of the seventh constituency. Taiwan is incorporated into the eleventh constituency as part of China, as France recognises the One China policy. Western Sahara is not part of any constituency - being neither recognised as part of Morocco, nor included in the ninth constituency in its own right. The status of the Palestinian territories is not explicitly defined, but French residents there were able to vote, as part of the same constituency as Israel. Other self-proclaimed and ''de facto'' but non-recognised independent countries, such as Somaliland or Abkhazia, are incorporated as part of the country which claims sovereignty over them.〔("Les élections en 2012 à l’étranger: Votre circonscription pour l’élection des députés" ), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs〕〔("Les législatives françaises dans la 8e circonscription de l'étranger - Reportage en Israël" ), Radio France Internationale, 1 June 2012〕
==List of constituencies==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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